a highly potent opiate it acts directly on the nervous system to help relieve pain. In the management of intense pain, no other narcotic analgesic is more effective. Morphine is highly addictive when compared to other medications, so tolerance and psychological dependencies develop very quickly.
It has been proven by research that morphine medication can alter the expression of certain genes in human DNA. Morphine affects two groups of genes for proteins involved in mitochondrial respiration and cytoskeleton related problems. Long-term use can cause severe cases of constipation.
During the ’70s and ’80s, evidence showed that people who use morphine for extended periods have an increased risk of infections such as increased pneumonia, TB, and HIV. These studies lead scientists to believe that long-term use of morphine may also affect the immune system.
The more concerning adverse effects of morphine medication is the addictiveness. The abuse potential is highest of all the drugs known to man. Compared to other narcotic pain relievers such as codeine, hydrocarbon, oxycodone, morphine is considerably more liable for abuse and dependence. After only five days of use physical dependence and withdrawal symptoms appear.
Withdrawal symptoms that are associated with morphine addiction are felt just before the time of the next dose, and can be as early as six to twelve hours after the next administration. Severe psychological dependence is an adverse effect of morphine. The psychological withdrawal of morphine is long and painful. When in withdrawal people suffer severe depression, anxiety, insomnia, forgetfulness, along with low self-esteem, paranoia, and other psychological disorders. Morphine addicts, along with heroin addicts, have the highest rate of relapse rates of all drug users.
Adverse effects of
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